300 YEARS OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Dokuchaev A.Ya., Mavrodina N.M., Krehahn Gerd-Rainer, Gurbanov A.G., Kulakov F.V., Kargin A.V., Kondrashov I.V., Kurdyukov E.B., Smolyaninova V.N., Sukhanov M.K., Yudintseva V.A., Yutkiuna E.V. Exhibits and collections of the ore and petrographic museum of igem ras: from the mineral cabinet of the kunstkamera to the «systematic petrographic collection» of peter the great geological museum, the imperial academy of sciences. Part 2: Collections from Mineral cabinets and educational institutions in Russia and Europe
Abstract. The Ore and Petrographic Museum of IGEM RAS and the A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum of RAS contain the oldest academic collections of Russia, which was started with the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera. Information is given about the history of acquisition and receipt of collections from the Mineral Cabinets of Russia and Europe for the Mineral Cabinet of the Kunstkamera, which contributed to its transformation into the academic Mineralogical Museum. Information is given on subsequent additions from the collections of educational institutions, which served as the basis for the Systematic Petrographic Collection of the Peter the Great Geological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
Keywords: Russian Academy of Sciences, Ore and Petrographic Museum of IGEM RAS, Kunstkamera, Mineral Cabinet, Cabinet of His (Her) Imperial Majesty, Kolyvan vases, collections, Firm of Dr. F. Krantz, G.A. Struve, I.-W. Goethe
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.48.19.001
Kagazezhev Z.V. Russian academic science and the first archaeological studies of Kabardian material culture
Abstract. The article is devoted to the beginning of the archaeological research of the Kabardian material culture by the Russian academic science. The most important role in this process was played by the Imperial Archaeological Commission, thanks to which large-scale archaeological research of the Kabardian settlement area was initiated. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it shows the leading role of the Imperial Archaeological Commission in the study of Kabardian burial mounds and analyzes their material culture according to the territorial principle. These materials are of great importance in the reconstruction of the ethnopolitical situation in the Central and Eastern Pre-Caucasus in the Late Middle Ages. The relevance is due to the need to intensify the use of archaeological data when considering the features of material culture and the ethnopolitical situation in the North Caucasus in the late Middle Ages.
Keywords: Imperial Archaeological Commission, Kabardian burial mounds, geography of distribution, material culture, archaeological research
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.19.58.001
HUMANITARIAN CHRONOGRAPH
Yesenin S.A. Iron Mirgorod
A CORNER OF THE MOTHERLAND
Chshieva M. Ch., Chshiev V.T. Some of the main milestones in the history of the village of Razdzog / Emmaus (To mark the 185th anniversary of the village of Skut-Khokh – Emmaus – Razdzog)
Abstract. The article discusses the main milestones in the brief history of the village of Razdzog in the Right–Bank district of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Ossetians call the village Emmaus). This small settlement, located on the southern slope of the Kabardino-Sunzhensky ridge, was inhabited already in the Bronze Age. The archaeological sites identified here show the presence of a population sequentially from the Bronze Age, through the Early Iron Age, the Middle Ages, to Modern Times. In 1839, these lands were transferred for the service of the Major General of the Russian Imperial Army to the head of the Ossetian military District, Mussa Kundukhov with his brothers and relatives. After M. Kundukhov's resettlement to Turkey, from 1876 to 1887, the new head of the Ossetian Military District, Major General A.F. Eglau, settled here. In 1887, German and Austrian colonists appeared here, who named their village by the biblical name «Emmaus». Further, the article briefly presents the life of Razdzog/Emmaus is briefly presented - from the time of settlement of Ossetians - Kurtatins in place of the Germans at the very beginning of the 20th century until the end of the 20th century.
Keywords: a brief history of the village of Razdzog/Emmaus, archeological monuments, archival materials of the history of the village, reconstruction of the houses of the Lutheran German colonists and the castle of the head of the Ossetian Military District, Major General Mussa Kundukhov.
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.30.75.001
HISTORY
Dzidzoev V.D. On the issue of the citizenship of the South Ossetians of the Georgian kings
Abstract. The article examines a little-known historical problem related to the citizenship of South Ossetians of the Georgian feudal monarchy and Georgian kings. The problem raised here seems not only relevant from the point of view of national history, but also interesting from the socio-political point of view of today, when the relationship between Georgians and Ossetians has deteriorated significantly not only because of the genocide committed by the Georgian authorities against the South Ossetians in 1920, 1989- 1992 and 2008, but also the complete and final separation of South Ossetia from genocidal Georgia. The article is of a controversial nature, but the facts presented here by the author seem convincing, reasoned and evidence-based.
Keywords: Georgia, Ossetia, Russian Empire, citizenship, culture, Georgian, Military Road, princes, war, peasants, Persia, Ottoman Empire, Transcaucasia, Khanate, Dagestanis
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.85.35.001
Babich I.L. The role of the idea of the Caucasian Confederation in the socio-political life of the North Caucasian emigration in the 1920s–1930s in Europe
Abstract. The aim of this article is to study the role of the idea of creating the Caucasian Confed-eration as a form of a new state in the Caucasus in the socio-political life of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe in the 1920s–1930s. The author examined the attitude towards to the idea of members of the Foreign delegation of the Mountainous Republic, ideologists of various North Caucasian parties (“People's Party of the Caucasus Mountain People”) and social organizations in exile. North Caucasian politicians sought to create a historical foundation for the spread of this idea in society (formation of the idea of a single North Caucasian nation, North Caucasian identi-ty), etc. The author came to the conclusion that the North Caucasian emigration supported the idea of the Caucasian Confederation, believing that on their own they would not be able to create independence on the North Caucasus and create their own state. In general, activities to support the idea of the Caucasian Confederation for North Caucasian history was unproductive and of little use for the socio-political life of North Caucasian emigrants in Europe in the 1920s–1930s.
Keywords: Europe, North Caucasians, Caucasian Confederation, emigration, united North Cau-casian nation
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.15.79.001
Khadikova A.Kh. Ideas about human dignity as a relevant factor of ethnic personality among Ossetians: historical and ethnological aspect of the problem
Abstract. The article presents a historical and ethnological analysis of the subjective ideas of Ossetians about human dignity as the most important factor of ethnic personality. Based on the analysis of written sources from the field of scientific Ossetian studies, as well as the empirical material collected by the author, those specific concepts and institutions from the field of intangible cultural heritage of Ossetians are proposed that directly influenced the formation and ways of updating the personal ideals of the ethnos. In addition, the extent to which some of them correspond to the value priorities of modern young Ossetian ethnophors is revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that historically formed ideals, norms and assessments of ideas about a «worthy» Ossetian are included in the static part of the ethnic consciousness of Ossetians, which ensures their retransmission to the younger generation to the extent that allows students to have an idea of the personal ideals of their own people and to a certain extent focus on them.
Keywords: factors in the formation of an ethnic personality, historical and retrospective perspective, intangible cultural heritage of the Ossetian ethnic group, concepts of the qualities of a «worthy» Ossetian, modern ethnophor
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.21.52.001
Salbiev T.K. Ossetian traditional dance nærton simd (the cult aspect)
Abstract. The Nærton Simd dance is proposed to be considered a valuable source for the study of the Ossetian fire cult, recognized as one of the central ones for Ossetian traditional culture. Performed around a fire, this dance was timed to holidays of the New Year's cycle and therefore one can connect its semantics with eschatological myth. At the same time, the dance turns out to be a choreographic illustration of the epic cycle “The Downfall of the Narts,” which is justified in the scheme and the dramaturgy of the dance, in the composition of its participants and in the attributes used in it.
Keywords: Ossetians, fire cult, choreography, epic, eschatological myth
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.15.95.001
THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE
Shavshukova S.Yu., Grachev S.D. The role of science in the development of the oil industry in the USSR in 1920s –1940s
Abstract. . In continuation of the historical research of the mineral oils and lubricants production in the context of the development of oil production and refining in the USSR the period 1920s – 1940s is considered. The volumes of oil production and production of petroleum products are shown. The management structures, scientific organizations and industrial enterprises created and functioning in this historical period are given. Focusing on the positive aspects it is revealed that the development of the oil industry despite the numerous difficulties of the recovery period occurred at a high pace, which made a significant contribution to the formation of an industrial state.
Keywords: oils, oil production, lubricants
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.41.43.001
LITERARY CRITICISM
Pliev I.I. Another touch to the theory and practice of translation
Abstract. АНWhen translating, one must take into account the chronological framework of the creation of the work, the cultural characteristics of the environment in which the original was created, the grammatical structure of the language of the translated text, its content, possible puns, and avoid the translator’s false friends. The translator must be able to find a reasonable balance between the accuracy of the translation and the beauty of the style.НОТАЦИЯ
Keywords: : difficulties in translation, play on words, beauty of style, accuracy of translation, false friends of the translator
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.23.42.001
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Gurbanov A.G., Gazeev V.M., Dokuchaev A.Ya., Abramov S.S., Groznova E.O., Leksin A.B., Gurbanova O.A. Ore-magmatic systems of the Elbrus volcanic center
Abstract. Relevance of research. In the history of the development of the Pleistocene-Holocene Elbrus Volcanic Center (EVC), pre-caldera, caldera, and post-caldera stages are distinguished. In the last two stages, early and late halting place (stages) are distinguished. Extrusive bodies of dacitic composition late halting place of the caldera stage are associated with a wide manifestation of hydrothermal-metasomatic transformations both in extrusions and in lavas containing them. Within the EVC, we for the first time identified the Kyukyurtlinskaya (KOMS) and Irikskaya (IOMS) ore-magmatic systems, the first of which is more promising for the discovery of industrially significant ore mineralization. The objects of research were the Kyukyurtly and Irik OMS. Research methods. Determination of the concentrations of micro- and macroelements in OMS rocks was carried out at the Central Collective Use Center "IGEM - ANALYTICS" using X-ray diffraction analysis and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The composition of vein minerals in metasomatically altered rocks was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray phase analysis. The compositions of sulfide minerals and native metals were determined on a Camebax SX-50 microanalyzer and on a scanning electron microscope at the IGEM RAS. Fluid inclusions (FI) in minerals from extrusive bodies, secondary quartzites were studied to estimate the temperatures of formation of ore mineralization and compositions of solutions. Microthermometry, in the temperature range from -196 to +6000С, was carried out on a Linkam-TNMSG 600 thermal cryochamber. Research results and discussion. In rocks of the caldera stage, ore mineralization is represented by magnetite, ilmenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, millerite, galena, and fine particles of native copper. In the dacites of the Kyukyurtlyu extrusion, pyrites and pyrrhotites have a stoichiometric composition similar to sulfides from rocks of the EVC caldera stage and differ from pyrites and pyrrhotites of the post-caldera stage. The compositional features of ore minerals indicate the superposition of hydrothermal-metasomatic formations associated with the evolution of the Kyukyurtli hydrothermal system on rocks of the caldera stage. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz and carbonate of secant veinlets from the apical part of the extrusion of the OMS Kyukyurtlu are 140-170 °C. Temperatures of formation of chalcopyrite-pyrite-pyrrhotite paragenesis (calculated according to thermometric equations) for extrusion of KOMS were 190 °C. Hydrothermal solutions that participated in the metasomatic alteration of the KOMS rocks and formed secondary quartzites had a fluoride composition (fluorine-containing minerals were found - jarchichite, ralstonite, α-ralstonite, and fluorite). In terms of composition and textural-structural features, the ore mineralization identified in the KOMS is attributed to the porphyry copper genetic type (at the supra-ore level of the erosion cut). Judging by the fact that sharply elevated contents of Ag, Mo, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, Se, and Ba have been established in the KOMS volcanics, as well as by the scale and areal nature of the development of the argillization process, in the propylitization zone, at depths from 400 m to 600 m from the modern erosive section of the KOMS, one can expect the discovery of vein Pb-Zn mineralization, and at somewhat deeper levels (from 600-1000 m) - vein-disseminated Au-Ag, Cu or Cu-Mo mineralization of the upper part of the porphyritic ore-magmatic system, associated with extrusive bodies of dacite composition.
Keywords: Elbrus volcanic center, Kyukyurtly ore-magmatic system, hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, ore mineralization
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.60.71.001
Tavasiev R.A. Unique ribbon clays of North Ossetia
Abstract. The article contains information about the discovery of ancient lacustrine white ribbon clays, their location and origin. Clays of white color could only form under the Rocky Ridge, composed of limestones and dolomites. Such formations were first identified on the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (eastern part of the Central Caucasus) and are the only ones.
Keywords: old-lake white ribbon clay
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.31.96.001
Kurasheva О.A. Distribution of heavy metals in the Baksan river from its source to its outlet in the foothill zone
Abstract. This article presents the results of the study of heavy metal (HM) content in the Baksan River and its tributaries of the first order, starting from the source to the village of Zayukovo downstream for 2019. Gizhgit, flowing 15 km from the enrichment plant of Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum combine (TVMK), in the channel of which there is a third (main) tailings dump. Purpose of work: to give spatial and temporal characterization of distribution of TM concentration in the Baksan River, as well as its tributaries. To reveal the influence of TWMC on water quality in the mentioned river. The results of chemical analysis of water samples revealed maximum Mn concentration in the Baksan River samples upstream of Tyrnyauza (45.0 µg/l). For the river Gizhgit Mn concentrations amounted to 28.4 µg/l. Concentrations of other TMs in the selected samples were within MPC or below the detection limit. Comparison of the analysis results with the content of other TMs in different sampling points in the Baksan River, as well as with the data of other authors revealed systematic water pollution of Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni for different hydrological periods, which indicates the influence of TWMC on the water quality of the Baksan River.
Keywords: Tyrnyauz tungsten-molybdenum combine, Baksan river, Gizhgit river, heavy metals. Baksan River, Gizhgit River, heavy metals
DOI 10.46698/VNC.2024.83.38.001
SCIENTIFIC LIFE
XX Regional Scientific and practical Conference «Vladikavkaz Kolmogorov Readings–2024»
The review of the printed publications of VSC